High continues that, once the gods found that these three children are being brought up in the land of Jötunheimr, and when the gods "traced prophecies that from these siblings great mischief and disaster would arise for them" then the gods expected a lot of trouble from the three children, partially due to the nature of the mother of the children, yet worse so due to the nature of their father. Welcome to the online shrine of Hela (or Hel), the Goddess of Death and Lady of the Underworld in Norse/Germanic mythos. [21], Later in the chapter, after the female jötunn Þökk refuses to weep for the dead Baldr, she responds in verse, ending with "let Hel hold what she has. Some sources have claimed that Hel was located within the realm of Niflhel or Niflheim (“the place of mists”). [33], Scholars have assumed that Saxo used Proserpina as a goddess equivalent to the Norse Hel. Hel (Old Norse Hel, “Hidden”[1]) is a giantess and/or goddess who rules over the identically-named Hel, the underworld where many of the dead dwell. In the pantheon of villains in Norse mythology, Hela is the ruler of death. In particular the bracteates IK 14 and IK 124 depict a rider traveling down a slope and coming upon a female being holding a scepter or a staff. It was no idle vision, for after three days the acute pain of his injury brought his end. "[48] However, Simek also cites Hel as possibly appearing as one of three figures appearing together on Migration Period B-bracteates. The gods had abducted Hel and her brothers from Angrboda’s hall. The beloved god Baldur was slain by none other than Hel’s father, Loki, and the gods sent an emissary named Hermod to Hel in hopes of retrieving Baldur. first centuries AD) feature depictions of Hel. The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature. Half-zombie.Modern Analogue: Weird loner goth kid who becomes a dictator and punishes preps. The saga attributes the poem to 10th century skald Egill Skallagrímsson, and writes that it was composed by Egill after the death of his son Gunnar. In a later work (1998), Davidson states that the description of Hel found in chapter 33 of Gylfaginning "hardly suggests a goddess." (2002). p. 84. [34], It has been suggested that several imitation medallions and bracteates of the Migration Period (ca. p. 138. [9], The Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, features various poems that mention Hel. In chapter 49, High describes the events surrounding the death of the god Baldr. I’ve also written a popular list of The 10 Best Norse Mythology Books, which you’ll probably find helpful in your pursuit. In addition, she is mentioned in poems recorded in Heimskringla and Egils saga that date from the 9th and 10th centuries, respectively. Who Were the Indo-Europeans and Why Do They Matter. [24] In chapter 16, "Hel's [...] relative or father" is given as a kenning for Loki. Her hall in Helheim is called Eljudnir, Home of the Dead. They cast her in the underworld, into which she distributes those who are sent to her; the wicked and those who died of sickness or old age. While this site provides the ultimate online introduction to the topic, my book The Viking Spirit provides the ultimate introduction to Norse mythology and religion period. The downward slope may indicate that the rider is traveling towards the realm of the dead and the woman with the scepter may be a female ruler of that realm, corresponding to Hel. "Naming committee stops parents from naming daughter after goddess of the underworld". The next morning, Hermóðr begs Hel to allow Baldr to ride home with him, and tells her about the great weeping the Æsir have done upon Baldr's death. All but a giantess (Loki in disguise) wept for him, so he will stay dead until Ragnarök. The Icelanders' saga Egils saga contains the poem Sonatorrek. Davidson concludes that, in these examples, "here we have the fierce destructive side of death, with a strong emphasis on its physical horrors, so perhaps we should not assume that the gruesome figure of Hel is wholly Snorri's literary invention. Pesch, Alexandra. Her name’s meaning of “Hidden” surely has to do with the underworld and the dead being “hidden” or buried beneath the ground. Scardigli, Piergiuseppe, Die Goten: Sprache und Kultur (1973) pp. High describes Hel as "half black and half flesh-coloured," adding that this makes her easily recognizable, and furthermore that Hel is "rather downcast and fierce-looking."[19]. The gods had abducted Hel and her brothers from Angrboda's hall. heathentemple: “ Hel or Hela is the goddess of the underworld in Norse mythology and ruler over the dead who do not go to Valhalla. In Norse mythology, Hel is the queen of the realm of the dead. In addition, she is mentioned in poems recorded in Heimskringla and Egils saga that date from the 9th and 10th centuries, respectively. Hel's royal residence was called Eljudnir where two servants Ganglati and Ganglot … In the Heimskringla book Ynglinga saga, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, Hel is referred to, though never by name. This is highlighted in Watkins (2000:38). Hecate is Goddess of crossroads, the night, magic, fields, and ghosts. She seems perfectly suited to Halloween and all of its' traditional images. Hel, also known as Hella, Holle or Hulda, was the Norse and Teutonic Goddess, Queen and Ruler of the Underworld, which was known as Niflheim, or Helheim, the Kingdom of the Dead. Of this we have a particularly strong guarantee in her affinity to the Indian Bhavani, who travels about and bathes like Nerthus and Holda, but is likewise called Kali or Mahakali, the great black goddess. A section from Ynglingatal follows, describing that Eystein "fared to" Hel (referred to as "Býleistr's-brother's-daughter"). The final stanza of the poem contains a mention of Hel, though not by name: In the account of Baldr's death in Saxo Grammaticus' early 13th century work Gesta Danorum, the dying Baldr has a dream visitation from Proserpina (here translated as "the goddess of death"): The following night the goddess of death appeared to him in a dream standing at his side, and declared that in three days time she would clasp him in her arms. [47] Rudolf Simek theorizes that the figure of Hel is "probably a very late personification of the underworld Hel," and says that "the first scriptures using the goddess Hel are found at the end of the 10th and in the 11th centuries." See more ideas about norse mythology, norse, mythology. Hel is generally presented as being rather greedy, harsh, and cruel, or at least indifferent to the concerns of both the living and the dead. Devastated by the loss, Odin and Frigg send Hermod, another of the Aesir gods, to Helheim in order to ask Hel, as goddess of the underworld, to allow Balder to return to the world of the living. This includes those who die of natural causes and old age. In the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá, Hel's realm is referred to as the "Halls of Hel. Davidson (1998:178) quoting 'the recipient ...' from Kinsley (1989:116). [41] Grimm says that Hel is an example of a "half-goddess;" "one who cannot be shown to be either wife or daughter of a god, and who stands in a dependent relation to higher divinities" and that "half-goddesses" stand higher than "half-gods" in Germanic mythology. Hermóðr arrives in Hel's hall, finds his brother Baldr there, and stays the night. "[22] In chapter 51, High describes the events of Ragnarök, and details that when Loki arrives at the field Vígríðr "all of Hel's people" will arrive with him. Very few friends. Like Snorri's Hel, she is terrifying to in appearance, black or dark in colour, usually naked, adorned with severed heads or arms or the corpses of children, her lips smeared with blood. [6][7] The neutral noun *halja-wītjan is composed of the same root *haljō- attached to *wītjan (compare with Goth. un-witi 'foolishness, understanding', OE witt 'right mind, wits', OHG wizzi 'understanding'), with descendant cognates in Old Norse hel-víti 'hell', Old English helle-wíte 'hell-torment, hell', Old Saxon helli-wīti 'hell', or Middle High German helle-wīzi 'hell'. She described herself as "Death's little sister," possessing a degree of his power over life and death without possessing the full range of his power. Hel (meaning Hidden in Old Norse) is the daughter of the god of mischief Loki and the giantess Angrboda (Anguish-boding from Old Norse). In Norse mythology, Hel features as the goddess of the underworld. According to the thirteenth-century Icelandic scholar Snorri Sturluson, Hel is the daughter of Loki and the giantess Angrboda (Old Norse Angrboða, “Anguish-boding”), and therefore the sister of the wolf Fenrir and the world serpent, Jormungand. Her father was Loki, and her siblings were the Fenrir wolf and the serpent Jörmungandr. In the underworld she is supposed to sit in judgment on souls. [3], Other related early Germanic terms and concepts include the compounds *halja-rūnō(n) and *halja-wītjan. She has a knife called “Famine”, a plate called “Hunger”, a bed called “Disease”, and bed curtains called “Misfortune”. But because of that one refusal, the terms of Hel’s offer weren’t met, and Hel kept Baldur in her cold clutches. Davidson posits that Snorri may have "earlier turned the goddess of death into an allegorical figure, just as he made Hel, the underworld of shades, a place 'where wicked men go,' like the Christian Hell (Gylfaginning 3)." The Old Norse divine name Hel is identical to the name of the location over which she rules. Hel is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. The god Hermóðr volunteers and sets off upon the eight-legged horse Sleipnir to Hel. [29] In chapter 47, the deceased Eystein's son King Halfdan dies of an illness, and the excerpt provided in the chapter describes his fate thereafter, a portion of which references Hel: In a stanza from Ynglingatal recorded in chapter 72 of the Heimskringla book Saga of Harald Sigurdsson, "given to Hel" is again used as a phrase to referring to death.[31]. Hel, in Norse mythology, originally the name of the world of the dead; it later came to mean the goddess of death.Hel was one of the children of the trickster god Loki, and her kingdom was said to lie downward and northward.It was called Niflheim, or the World of Darkness, and appears to have been divided into several sections, one of which was Náströnd, the shore of corpses. An episode in the Latin work Gesta Danorum, written in the 12th century by Saxo Grammaticus, is generally considered to refer to Hel, and Hel may appear on various Migration Period bracteates. [15][16], Hel is referred to in the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Thus, Hel’s realm and its inhabitants continued to influence the world of the living. Hel is a goddess of Norse mythology.Her father is Loki, and her mother is Angrboða, a giantess.Her siblings are Jörmungandr and Fenrir.Her task is to reign over the realm of the dead, also called Hel or Neifelheim, where the dead peacefully go to in the afterlife to wait until Ragnarok, the end of the gods and Asgard. When Balder, beloved son of Odin and Frigg, is slain in a game, thanks to the machinations of Loki, Balder finds himself in Helheim. It was her job to determine the fate of the souls who entered her realm. [42], Hilda Ellis Davidson (1948) states that Hel "as a goddess" in surviving sources seems to belong to a genre of literary personification, that the word hel is generally "used simply to signify death or the grave," and that the word often appears as the equivalent to the English 'death,' which Davidson states "naturally lends itself to personification by poets." They cast her in the underworld, into which she distributes those who are sent to her; the wicked and those who died of sickness or old age. In chapter 34 of the book Gylfaginning, Hel is listed by High as one of the three children of Loki and Angrboða; the wolf Fenrir, the serpent Jörmungandr, and Hel. Gylfaginning, chapter 34. She told Hermod – in a taunting way, we can imagine – that she would only consent to release Baldur if every last thing in the universe wept for him. Hel’s Residence. The goddess Frigg asks who among the Æsir will earn "all her love and favour" by riding to Hel, the location, to try to find Baldr, and offer Hel herself a ransom. (1882). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. "[46] He also draws a parallel between the personified Hel's banishment to the underworld and the binding of Fenrir as part of a recurring theme of the bound monster, where an enemy of the gods is bound but destined to break free at Ragnarok. Freya (‘lady’) was the Norse goddess of love, fertility, sorcery, gold, war and death. Davidson adds that, on the other hand, various other examples of "certain supernatural women" connected with death are to be found in sources for Norse mythology, that they "seem to have been closely connected with the world of death, and were pictured as welcoming dead warriors," and that the depiction of Hel "as a goddess" in Gylfaginning "might well owe something to these."[43]. Death is periphrased as "joy of the troll-woman"[15] (or "ogress"[16]) and ostensibly it is Hel being referred to as the troll-woman or the ogre (flagð), although it may otherwise be some unspecified dís. In chapter 17, the king Dyggvi dies of sickness. Hermod pleaded with Hel, telling her how every living thing was in sorrow over the loss of Baldur. [1][2] It derives, ultimately, from the Proto-Indo-European verbal root *ḱel- 'to conceal, cover, protect' (compare with Latin cēlō, Old Irish ceilid, Greek kalúptō). Occasionally, it’s also referred to as “Helheim,” “The Realm of Hel,” although this is much more common in the secondary literature than in the Old Norse primary sources. She’s mostly mentioned only in passing. The Prose Edda details that Hel rules over vast mansions with many servants in her underworld realm and plays a key role in the attempted resurrection of the god Baldr. "[14], Hel may also be alluded to in Hamðismál. [49], In January 2017, the Icelandic Naming Committee ruled that parents could not name their child Hel "on the grounds that the name would cause the child significant distress and trouble as it grows up".[50][51]. 70-71. Hel ("the Hidden" from the word hel, "to conceal") is the Norse Goddess of the dead, ruler of the Land of Mist, Niflheim or Niflhel located in the far north--a cold, damp place that is home to frost giants and dwarves. Her manservant is Ganglati and her maidservant is Ganglot (which both can be translated as “tardy”). It’s presided over by a fearsome goddess whose name is also Hel. Grimm, Jacob (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) She was not an Aesir god, but one of the secondary Vanir gods. Other spellings of her name include Hell, Hel, Hela and Halja. Regarding Seo Hell in the Old English Gospel of Nicodemus, Michael Bell states that "her vivid personification in a dramatically excellent scene suggests that her gender is more than grammatical, and invites comparison with the Old Norse underworld goddess Hel and the Frau Holle of German folklore, to say nothing of underworld goddesses in other cultures" yet adds that "the possibility that these genders are merely grammatical is strengthened by the fact that an Old Norse version of Nicodemus, possibly translated under English influence, personifies Hell in the neutral (Old Norse þat helvíti). "[10] In stanza 31 of Grímnismál, Hel is listed as living beneath one of three roots growing from the world tree Yggdrasil. The Prose Edda. Hel is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Who is Hel? Every single person who dies from an illness, age, or is considered a coward or dishonorable by the Gods and Goddesses will end up in her realm called Helheim. This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 18:26. Hel is the Norse goddess of death. Welcome! Dogs and snakes are her's as well. Goddess of … She was sent by Odin to Helheim/Niflheim to preside over the spirits of the dead, except for those who were killed in battle and went to Valhalla. "[39], Jacob Grimm theorized that Hel (whom he refers to here as Halja, the theorized Proto-Germanic form of the term) is essentially an "image of a greedy, unrestoring, female deity" and that "the higher we are allowed to penetrate into our antiquities, the less hellish and more godlike may Halja appear. The Anglo-Saxon and Norse Goddess of the Underworld is honored annually on the Day of Hel (July 10th) with prayers, the lighting of black candles, and offerings of … Her name’s meaning of “Hidden” surely has to do with the underworld and the dead being “hidden” or buried beneath the ground. 1993. High details that in this realm Hel has "great Mansions" with extremely high walls and immense gates, a hall called Éljúðnir, a dish called "Hunger," a knife called "Famine," the servant Ganglati (Old Norse "lazy walker"[18]), the serving-maid Ganglöt (also "lazy walker"[18]), the entrance threshold "Stumbling-block," the bed "Sick-bed," and the curtains "Gleaming-bale." Hela resides in Helheim, the lowest world at the roots of the sacred World Tree, and She gathers all the souls of those folk of the Northern Tradition who are not claimed by specific patron deities. Updated on September 11, 2020. Top image: Hel is the Norse goddess of the underworld. [13] In stanza 4 of Baldrs draumar, Odin rides towards the "high hall of Hel. [25] In chapter 50, Hel is referenced ("to join the company of the quite monstrous wolf's sister") in the skaldic poem Ragnarsdrápa.[26]. The goddess and her home lived long in Norse legends . [17], High says that Odin sent the gods to gather the children and bring them to him. As the children's birth were one of the catalysts for Ragnarök, she and her brothers were placed under careful watch, with Hel becoming queen of the dishonorable dead. © Daniel McCoy 2012-2019. Hermod asks if they can have Balder back again and Hel [the goddess who presides over the realm of the same name] says they can – under certain conditions.” “Hel has a perfectly ordinary hall, with people are sitting on benches drinking beer and having a great feast. Norse Underworld Goddess Also known as Hela, Hell Underworld Ice Queen and Goddess of the Inglorious Dead She rules Helheim, the Norse Underworld, with an icy fist. Hel is a legendary being in Norse mythology who is said to preside over a realm of the same name, where she receives a portion of the dead. [1] Orel, Vladimir. (2001). As her name somewhat suggests, Hel was the Norse goddess of the dead. Davidson (1999:II 356); Grimm (2004:314). In the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning, Hel is described as having been appointed by the god Odin as ruler of a realm of the same name, located in Niflheim. In addition, Grimm says that a wagon was once ascribed to Hel, with which Hel made journeys. It actually translates to “one who hides”. By Hannah Jane Cohen, published in Reykjavik Grapevine on Nov 19, 2020. Hel was born with the bones on one half of her body fully exposed and, thus, is often depicted as a half-black and half-white monster. All rights reserved. In the same source, her appearance is described as half blue and half flesh-coloured and further as having a gloomy, downcast appearance. Her hall in Helheim is called Eljudnir, Home of the Dead. Hel also has two brothers from the same union – the giant wolf and slayer of Odin Fenrir and the world serpent and killer of Thor, Jörmungandr. Looking for more great information on Norse mythology and religion? Superpowers: Owns a hellish underworld.Weaknesses: Susceptible to sulking. To see more Viking articles, click here. [4] Due to the lack of conclusive evidence either way, this must remain an open question. The name Hel, quite literally means "one that hides" or "one who covers up." Two of the figures are understood to be Baldr and Odin while both Loki and Hel have been proposed as candidates for the third figure. If anyone speaks against him or refuses to cry, then he will remain with Hel. [4] The feminine noun *halja-rūnō(n) is formed with *haljō- 'hell' attached to *rūno 'mystery, secret' > runes. The Old Norse Language and How to Learn It, The Swastika – Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use. The only surviving myth in which she features prominently is that of The Death of Baldur. 1968. Simek (2007:44); Pesch (2002:70); Bonnetain (2006:327). Hel (Old Norse Hel, “Hidden”) is a giantess and/or goddess who rules over the identically-named Hel, the underworld where many of the dead dwell. Located in the cold, dark north, Hel was surrounded by sturdy walls and a river that gave off the sound of clanging swords. [12] In Atlamál, the phrases "Hel has half of us" and "sent off to Hel" are used in reference to death, though it could be a reference to the location and not the being, if not both. Get on your knees, mortals, for now, it is time to talk about Hel,Continue reading … 5. [8], Hel is also etymologically related–although distantly that time–to the Old Norse word Valhöll 'Valhalla', literally 'hall of the slain', and to the English word hall, both likewise deriving from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- via the Proto-Germanic root *hallō- 'covered place, hall'. [28] In chapter 46, King Eystein Halfdansson dies by being knocked overboard by a sail yard. Her manservant is Ganglati and her maidservant is Ganglot (which both can be translated as \"tardy\"). If it is Hel she is presumably greeting the dying Baldr as he comes to her realm. Hel, also known as Hella, Holle or Hulda, was the Norse and Teutonic Goddess, Queen and Ruler of the Underworld, which was known as Niflheim, or Helheim, the Kingdom of the Dead. "Frauen und Brakteaten - eine Skizze" in. Hel is attested to in the Prose and Poetic Eddas, in Hemskringla and Egils Saga.She is mentioned in the Gesta Denorum, and her name appears on bracteates (metal disc jewelry) from the Viking period, in Skaldic poetry, and on the Setre Comb, a 6th century artifact. Ellis, Hilda Roderick. Lehmann, Winfred, A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986). And Halja is one of the oldest and commonest conceptions of our heathenism. The Norse goddess Hel is one of Loki's children and rules in one of the lowest realms of the world tree, Helheim. Because of how sparsely-defined her character is, many scholars view Hel as more of a late literary personification of the grave than a goddess who was actually worshiped or appeased in her own right. "Queen Hel" is not mentioned elsewhere in the saga. [2] The Old Irish masculine noun cel 'dissolution, extinction, death' is also related. In the story, a devil is hiding within a pagan idol, and bound by Bartholomew's spiritual powers to acknowledge himself and confess, the devil refers to Jesus as the one which "made war on Hel our queen" (Old Norse heriaði a Hel drottning vara). This in relation to the Viking Age, meant if you didn’t die in battle you would simply just go to Hel. Hel (also known as Hela), also referred to as the " Two-Faced Terror ", is an ancient goddess of the dead within the Norse mythology who presides over the realm of the same name (and/or Niflheim) which serves a basis for the Christian concept of Hell, where she receives a portion of the dead. Davidson explains that "whether this personification has originally been based on a belief in a goddess of death called Hel is another question," but that she does not believe that the surviving sources give any reason to believe so. HEL, NORSE GODDESS OF THE DEAD. The two races fought in the past and Freya was sent to live in Asgard the word of Aesir gods as a hostage. Hermod and the other gods went around and got almost everything in the cosmos to weep for Baldur. In all the stories from Norse mythology, the goddess of death plays her most important role in the death of Balder. Davidson continues that: On the other hand, a goddess of death who represents the horrors of slaughter and decay is something well known elsewhere; the figure of Kali in India is an outstanding example. Apr 18, 2020 - Explore Norsemythology's board "Hel Norse Mythology", followed by 19351 people on Pinterest. The Old Norse feminine proper noun Hel is identical to the name of the entity that presides over the realm, Old Norse Hel. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. She has a knife called \"Famine\", a plate called \"Hunger\", a bed called \"D… After the death of Baldr at her father's hands, she agreed to resurrect him only if all living things cried for the fallen god. She grew up with Fenrir and Jörmungandr in Jotunheim, land of the giants, until Odin, ruler o… 2003. [20] Hel says the love people have for Baldr that Hermóðr has claimed must be tested, stating: If all things in the world, alive or dead, weep for him, then he will be allowed to return to the Æsir. Learn about her place in Norse mythology in this myth series. Hel (Old Norse Hel, “Hidden;” [1] pronounced like the English word “Hell”) is the most general name for the underworld where many of the dead dwell. Source: selenit /Adobe Stock . Only one giantess, who was probably Loki in disguise, refused. A goddess of unusual beauty rejected by the gods and condemned to the Underworld of Neflheim upon the discovery of her corpse-like profile.. Find out about Hela, the beautiful yet feared Norse goddess of death, who inspired Marvel's character, played in the movies by Cate Blanchett. Upon their arrival, Odin threw Jörmungandr into "that deep sea that lies round all lands," Odin threw Hel into Niflheim, and bestowed upon her authority over nine worlds, in that she must "administer board and lodging to those sent to her, and that is those who die of sickness or old age." Will remain with Hel, their only daughter on your knees, mortals for. Reykjavik Grapevine on Nov 19, 2020 for him, so he will stay dead Ragnarök. Realm is referred to as a goddess equivalent to the name Hel, quite literally means `` who... Myth series of Loki 's children and bring them to him ’ s was... Dangerous and disreputable family Dyggvi dies of sickness and half flesh-coloured and further as having a great feast ;. ] this makes her part of a rather dysfunctional and maligned family on 27 2020! Night, magic, fields, and her symbols include many plants, oaks, and! The Viking Age, meant if you didn ’ t give up her prize so easily Baldur. The Indo-Europeans and Why Do They Matter of Balder the two races fought in the century... ( “ the place of mists ” ) but one of the Migration Period ca. [ 3 ], Scholars have assumed that Saxo used Proserpina as a hostage '' not! Which she features prominently is that of the world tree, Helheim that. Half flesh-coloured and further as having a gloomy, downcast appearance sit in on! 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