It reduces the organic matters which contributes to the BOD and COD content of the wastewater . Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. Coagulation destabilises particles through chemical reaction between coagulant and colloids, and flocculation transports the destabilised particles that causes collisions with flocs. In this case, it is beneficial to correct the pH by adding acid or base. These processes are typically used in destabilizing, agglomerating and subsequent removal of particles. In the context of most chemical water treatment processes, coagulation should occur upstream of flocculation. Sweep-Floc Coagulation . Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to facilitate the elimination of suspended solids and colloids by gathering these together to form floc. The optimum pH for alum coagulation is 6 to 7.5 whereas 5.0 to 8.0 are for iron. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS … Publisher: IWA Publishing. Texas, science, 2009, Chemistry 10(F): Investigate factors that influence solubility’s and rates of dissolution such as temperature, agitation, and surface area. Wastewater influents contain varying levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). The chart below shows the length of time that is required for particles of different sizes to settle through the water. Figure 3 shows atypical Lamella® system. Power imparted by mechanical or pneumatic agitation; Degree of completion depend on ease and rate by which small microfloc aggregate; Function of floc characteristics, G, And G t . Coagulation and flocculation are used to remove colour, turbidity, algae and other micro- organisms from surface waters. The coagulation-flocculation process itself removes only about 60%-70% of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and thus, other processes like oxidation, filtration and sedimentation are necessary for complete raw water or wastewater treatment. Course screening and grit chambers will reduce the TSS but must be followed by a more refined solids removal process. Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastew-ater treatment. Removing oil from wastewater through coagulation is a physical and chemical method, including aggregation and flocculation two processes (Wen et al., 2018).The oil removal process is shown in Fig. Coagulation-flocculation process is regarded as one of the most important and widely used treatment processes of industrial wastewaters due to its simplicity and effectiveness. water treatment - coagulation-flocculation general ... Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water. Promote growth of flocs to a size that can be removed by sedimentation and filtration. Process of Coagulation, Flocculation and Sedimentation. Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment Grégorio Crini, Eric Lichtfouse To cite this version: Grégorio Crini, Eric Lichtfouse. Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to de-stabilize the previously stabilized charged particles in the suspension. Flocculation and coagulation treatment chemicals are used in effluent wastewater water treatment processes for solids removal, water clarification, lime softening, sludge thickening, and solids dewatering. The best floc size for settling is 0.1 to 3 mm. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Of time that is required for particles of different sizes to settle through the water causes the of... 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