[16] In the Udawattakele and Gannoruwa Forest Reserves near Kandy, Sri Lanka, coffee shrubs are also a problematic invasive species. SL28 is among the most well-known and well-regarded varieties of Africa. Arabica coffee production in Indonesia began in 1699 through the spread of Yemen's trade. Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) Arabica coffee, mountain coffee (Coffee family) Origin: Ethiopia, now cultivated worldwide Coffee, one of the leading cash crops and one of the most popular drug plants of the last few hundred years (along with tea and tobacco,) may be this author’s favorite thing in the world. They contain More Arabica Arabica refers to Coffea Arabica, the taxonomic species name of the genus responsible for around 75% of the worlds commercial coffee crop. The trees are difficult to cultivate and each tree can produce from 0.5 to 5.0 kg of dried beans, depending on the tree's individual character and the climate that season. Arabica coffee was first found in Yemen and documented by the 12th century. C. arabica is native to the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia, whereas C. canephora is native to the lowland forests from Liberia east and south to Kenya and the Congo basin. Will do best close to an east or west-facing window. The prize of the berries is the beans inside, usually two per berry. A little early morning or late afternoon direct light is ok. Watering: High water requirements. History and Origins of Your Favorite Beverage, Love Your Latte? [20][21][22], Coffea arabica was first described scientifically by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it Jasminum arabicum after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. [17], It is expected that a medium-term depletion of indigenous populations of C. arabica may occur, due to projected global warming, based on IPCC modelling. The Arab innovation in Yemen of making a brew from roasted beans spread first among the Egyptians and Turks, and later on, found its way around the world. The plant was cultivated in Yemen around 1000 AD, and later it spread around the world. The plants are vulnerable to damage in such poor growing conditions as cold or low pH soil, and they are also more vulnerable to pests than the C. robusta plant. Well-known Italian coffee grower Ernesto Illy wrote in the June 2002 issue of Scientific American: Arabica takes about seven years to mature fully. At this point, they are called “cherry” and are ready for picking. Coffea arabica (/əˈræbɪkə/), also known as the Arabian coffee, "coffee shrub of Arabia", "mountain coffee" or "arabica coffee", is a species of Coffea. In parts of Brazil, however, the trees have a season and are harvested only in winter. The beans are flatter and more elongated than Robusta and lower in caffeine. There are two commercially important coffee species: coffea arabica and coffea canephora (robusta). Linnaeus placed it in its own genus Coffea in 1737. Technically, it is described as an allotetraploid genome, the result of a hybridization between two diploid species, Coffea canephora and Coffea eugenioides, which doubled arabica's chromosome number to 44. Coffee is an understory shrub or small tree native to tropical Africa. They are sometimes shaken off the tree onto mats, which means ripe and unripe berries are collected together. These are as dark green as the foliage, until they begin to ripen, at first to yellow and then light red and finally darkening to a glossy, deep red. [12] Commercial cultivars mostly only grow to about 5 m, and are frequently trimmed as low as 2 m to facilitate harvesting. Ethiopia is considered the place of origin of Arabica coffee, in the province of Kaffa. Seattle, WA: Burke Museum at the University of Washington. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, "A comparison of coffee floral traits under two different agricultural practices", "Udawattakele: 'A Sanctuary Destroyed From Within, "The impact of climate change on indigenous arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Predicting future trends and identifying priorities", Understanding the difference between Arabica and Robusta, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coffea_arabica&oldid=995355449, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 16:16. These seeds are covered in two membranes; the outer one is called the "parchment coat" and the inner one is called the "silver skin". Gourmet coffees are almost exclusively high-quality mild varieties of arabica coffee, and among the best-known arabica coffee beans in the world. The coffee beans are actually two seeds within the fruit; sometimes, a third seed or one seed, a peaberry, grows in the fruit at tips of the branches. Arabica is considered the merlot of coffee, it has a mild taste, and to coffee drinkers, it can be described to have a sweetness, that is light and airy, like the mountains it comes from. It was first planted in Java in 1690, and in the early 18th century was carried to Surinam, Martinique, and Jamaica. The meaning of arabica coffee dates back to the 7th century, getting it’s name from present day Yemen which at the time was lower Arabia thus claiming the name “ Arabica “. [1] Coffee produced from the (less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated) robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up most of the remaining coffee production. The African central region appears to be the origin of main Coffea species including the two commercially important species Coffea arabica (i.e., Arabica) and Coffea canephora (i.e., Robusta). Coffee is one of the three most-popular beverages in the world (alongside water and tea) and one of the most-profitable international commodities. "Coffee: The World in Your Cup." Linnaeus placed it in its own genus Coffea in 1737. Each berry holds two locules containing the beans. Indonesian coffees, such as Sumatran and Java, are known for heavy body and low acidity. [14], The coffee tree was first brought to Hawaii in 1813, and it began to be extensively grown by about 1850. It’s a widespread plant - but not literally: the bushes are regularly pruned because smaller plants are easier to harvest. The sweet fragrance resembles the sweet smell of jasmine flowers. The Three Sisters: the Traditional Intercropping Agricultural Method. Arabica coffee grows at 950 m to 1,950 m above sea level. Sometime in the 15th or 16th century, it was taken to Yemen. In some valleys, it is a highly invasive weed. Typically, espresso is made from a blend of arabica and robusta beans. 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